1) a) Tragedy was
important Aristotle. A lot of Aristotle ideas come from Greek Tragedy. These
ideas from Greek Tragedy helped shaped Aristotle and his plays. According to
Martin and Jacobus, “For Aristotle, the tragic hero quests for truth” (215). Aristotle
uses tragic heroes in his plays. He also uses the idea of climax from Greek
Tragedy which is the “moment or truth” (Martin and Jacobus 215). These are just
a few of examples of how Aristotle uses Greek Tragedy in his plays.
b) There is a
difference between “old comedy” and “new comedy” to the Greeks. According to
Martin and Jacobus, “Old Comedy is associated with our modern farce, burlesque,
and the broad humor and make-believe violence of slapstick” (228). Old Comedy
is found a lot in standup comedy. On the other hand, Martin and Jacobus
explains New Comedy as being “suave and subtle” (228). New Comedy also, has
type characters. This is where the ideas of good and bad stereotypes come into
play. These stereotypes just like in modern days their characters can be
predicted.
2) Both, “willing
suspension of disbelief” and “aesthetic distance” is important to the audience.
Coleridge was the first come who came up with the term “willing suspension of
disbelief.” Martin and Jacobus explains “willing suspension of disbelief” that
“we must agree to imagine that the events onstage are actually occurring in
ancient Greece or Denmark” (219). In order for this to happen the director of
the play must do their part as well. There are certain ways the actors must act
and the decorations must make one feel that they are in Greece or Denmark. This
is important to the audience because the viewer is taken from where they are
into another place in the world. Some people have a hard time separating what
is real and what isn’t. This is called “aesthetic distance.” This is a very important trait for the
audience to have. One might try to help the actors because they know things
that don’t know. For example, the audience might know where Peter is. His wife
many be looking for him and an audience member that doesn’t have “aesthetic
distance” might try to tell the actor where Peter is. It is important to be
moved by a play but one has to know what is real and what isn’t.
3) Greek amphitheater: The
Greek amphitheater was designed with all of the viewers in mind. The layout
allowed everyone to be able to see and hear what was going on the stage.
Elizabethan stage: The
Elizabethan has a wooden roof on top of it unlike the Greek amphitheater. The middle
of the stage was open to sky. This was a place that the lower class went for
their entrainment.
Proscenium theater: The
Proscenium theater is different from the Greek amphitheater and Elizabethan
stage because it “framed” the audience allowing them “more directly spatially
and, in turn, perhaps, emotionally” (Martin and Jacobus 224).
4)
Rhythm- “The Tyger” by
William Blake is a great example of how rhythm. The poem is about a tiger. The
poem has a tiger type rhythm to it. The reader can almost see and feel the
tiger romping through the forest. The poems follows a iambic type rhythmic
pattern.
Imagery- “Arms And The
Boy” by Wilfred Owen there are many examples of imagery. Owen is trying to
teach us that boys have to learn how to kill. In the first line of the first
stanza the reader gets an image of a boy with a “bayonet-blade.” In the second
stanza the reader see the comparison of “cartridges” to teeth. The third stanza
the reader sees the boy wanting to eat a apple. The boy is not a natural born killer.
Speaker- “Ballard Of
The Landlord” by Langston Hughes is a great example of speaker. This poem has
three speakers in it. The first five stanzas is the tenant speaking to the
landlord. The six stanza is the landlord speaking to the police. The police however
only says on word at the end of the six stanza “Arrest.” The last stanza is the
news reporter speaking. There are many different speakers in this one poem.
5) In “That Time of
Year” the reader sees a lot of imagery that can be related to a symbol. The use
of imagery in this poem helps the reader see that this guy in the poem is in
love with a younger woman. In the beginning of the poem the reader get the
images of “yellow leaves.” The reader also, can see and hear the where
Shakespeare says “sweet birds sang.” I get the picture of fall time.
Shakespeare then talks about the “setting sun.” This is related to the old
man’s age and that his life is coming to an end. I can picture a sun setting and it becoming
nighttime. Shakespeare then talks about the “glowing” fire. I picture the
passion that is inside of this man for this younger woman. It is becoming clear
to the reader just how much he cares about this woman. In the indented couplet lines
at the end of the poem we change from him to her. The reader gets the image
that this woman cares about this younger man as well. Throughout this poem the reader can see the
love between these two people.
6) A symbol is a deeper
meaning of a word. Words can have negative or positive connotations. According
to Martin and Jacobus, a “symbol is a further use of metaphor. Being a
metaphor, it is a comparison of between two things, but unlike most perceptual
and conceptual metaphors, only one of the things compared is clearly stated”
(208). The function of a symbol in literature is to make the reader think about
what the writer is trying to say. In “The Sick Rose” by William Blake the word
rose can have multiple meanings. An allusion is an opinion of a word. There can
be different opinions of symbols in poems. Each reader can have a different
symbol for one word. The word rose had many different allusions for what could
stand for including: love, women, Puritans, politician, or England.
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