Sociology Henslin 11 edition Vocab chapters 1-6 8-9

In my Sociology class we get to use a cheat sheet for our mid term exam. Here is a copy of my cheat sheet I used ! Sorry for it being so closely together we could only use one side of a sheet of paper.

Sociological perspective human behavior within broader context sociology- scientific study of society & behavior Class conflict- Marx’s struggle between capitalist & workers Bourgeoisie Marx’s capitalist who own production Proletariat Marx’s exploited class don’t own production Verstehen Weber’s “insight into someone situation” Social fact- Durkheim’s group pattern behavior Basic or pure sociology  making discoveries Applied Sociology- solve problems Public Sociology- public good Folkway- not strictly enforced Mores strictly enforced Taboo-revision if violated Sociobiology results of nature selections Cultural lag- Ogburn’s behavior behind tech culture diffusion spread of traits culture leveling cultures become similar subculture world within larger world counterculture opposite to broader culture pluralistic society many different groups Self- how others see us looking-glass self- Cooley self-development of other’s Id- Freud’s inborn drives Ego Freud’s balance of Id & society Superego Freud’s conscience Agents of society- effect our concept Manifest function- intended beneficial consequence  Latent function- untended beneficial consequence Anticipatory socialization- learning in advance resocialization- learning new norms total socialization- controlled by people who run it deration ceremony stripping title Transition older years- 65 to 75 Ascribed status inherited position master status crosses other statues Mechanical solidary Durkheim’s unity Organic solidarity Durkheim’ interdependence result of division of labor Gemeinschaft intimate society Gesellshcaft society dominated by impersonal relationships Dramaturgy = Goffman’s Sign-vehicle Goffman’s people use social settings face-saving behavior  save performance Ethnomethodology study people use background assumptions for life Background assumption deep understand of people Thomas Theorem situations = real social construction of reality assumptions define what is real structure interviewers use closed-ended questions Rapport trust between researcher & people they are studying Secondary analysis use of data already collected control group aren’t exposed to experiment independent variable factor cause change in another variable (dependent variable) unobtrusive measures observing people without it being known shaman healing specialists of the tribe pastoral societies based on pasturing animals horticultural society  cultivating plants by use of hand tools domestication revolution 1^st social revolution domestion of plants & animals led to pastoral & horticultural agricultural revolution 2^nd revolution invention of plow led to agricultural societies industrial revolution 3^rd revolution machines powered by fuel replaced animals and human power postindustrial societies based on information aggregate temp share physical space but see themselves together out-groups antagonism reference groups standards we refer to group dynamics indv effect group & groups influence people dyad smallest group 2 triad group of 3 coalition alignment of members in a group against others instrumental leader keeps group moving towards goals expressive leader  increases harmony & decreases conflict (socioemotional leader) authorian leader leads by giving order democratic leader trying to reach consensus laissez-faire highly permissive group think one correct answer deviance violation of norms (rules or expectations) sigma discredits a person normal identity social order social arrangement social control formal & informal enforcing norms negative sanction disproval Positive sanction reward genetic predisposition  inborn tendencies street crime ex rape differential association Edwin Sutherland  learn deviance from group control theory inner & outer groups work against tendencies to deviate  Strain theory Robert’s Merton’s  large # of people desire a culture goal members of society to achieve illegitimate opportunity crime woven into life white-collar crime Edwin Sutherland’s crimes committed by respected people recidivism rate % of released convicts rearrested social stratification property power  prestige  bonded labor (indentured service) sells body ideology beliefs about the way things ought to be caste system born statuses endogamy marrying within group apartheid separation of race (South Africa) (India) religion Estate medieval Europe Nobility, clergy, commoners bourgeoisie Marx’s capitalist proletariat Marx’s exploited class doesn’t own production (bourgeoisie opposite) class consciousness Marx’s common identity of one position false class consciousness  Marx’s identifying with capitalist Max weber property power prestige functionalist patterns of behavior that characterize a society Davis & Moore equal importance Tumin  = Meritocracy positions based on merit  divine right of kings power from God colonialism one nation takes over another world system theory economics & polities connections over the world. Globalization of capitalism becoming global dominant economic system culture of poverty  values & behaviors of the poor make them different neocolonialism economic & political of the most industrialize nations or least ones multination corruptions nation boundaries